Islet transplantation has shown to be a successful alternative in type 1 diabetes treatment, but donor scarcity precludes its worldwide clinical translation. Stem cells are an unlimited source that could circumvent the lack of donors if complete differentiation into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) could be accomplished. We have performed the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different sources into IPCs within three-dimensional (3D) alginate matrixes. We quantified an increased insulin release at the final stage of differentiation compared to undifferentiated MSCs, which is more pronounced in IPCs differentiated from pancreatic-derived MSCs tissues. Moreover, the addition of hyaluronic acid (HA) in alginate microcapsules enhanced, even more, the insulin release from the final IPCs, independent of the MSC source. We can conclude that MSCs can be differentiated into IPCs within alginate microcapsules, enhancing insulin release when HA is present in the 3D alginate matrixes.
Keywords: T1DM; alginate; cell differentiation; hyaluronic acid; mesenchymal stem cells; microencapsulation.