Background: Few biomarkers, even B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), can predict the long-term outcome in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) on the first day of admission. Placental growth factor (PlGF), a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor family of cytokines, is a key molecule in cardiorenal syndrome and a predictor of adverse events in chronic kidney disease patients. However, its significance in ADHF patients remains poorly understood. Methods and Results: We studied 408 ADHF patients admitted between April 2011 and December 2016 by measuring their PlGF levels on the first day of admission. Primary endpoints were all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) death. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to PlGF quartiles. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the high PlGF group (quartile 4: ≥12.6 pg/mL) had a worse prognosis than the low PlGF group (quartiles 1-3; <12.6 pg/mL) in terms of all-cause (hazard ratio [HR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-2.14; P<0.01) and CV death (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.04-2.66; P<0.05). After adjustment for covariates, PlGF remained an independent predictor of all-cause and CV death.
Conclusions: PlGF on the first day of admission was significantly associated with both all-cause and CV death, suggesting that it provides novel prognostic information in the acute phase of ADHF.
Keywords: Acute decompensated heart failure; Biomarkers; Outcomes; Placental growth factor.