Validation of the modified checklist for autism in toddlers, revised with follow-up in Taiwanese toddlers

Abstract

Background: The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F) is a two-stage screening scale for determining the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in toddlers. However, the validity of the M-CHAT-R/F for Asian populations has not yet been established.

Aims: This study investigated the psychometric properties of the M-CHAT-R/F, Taiwan version (M-CHAT-R/F-T), among low- and high-risk Taiwanese toddlers aged 16-30 months. The associations among M-CHAT-R/F-T scores, developmental performance at 24 and 30 months, and ASD diagnosis prediction at 36 months were examined.

Methods and procedures: A two-stage screening of the M-CHAT-R/F-T was applied to a study sample comprising 25 toddlers with ASD and 71 atypically developing (ATD) and 221 typically developing (TD) toddlers.

Outcomes and results: The M-CHAT-R/F-T exhibited acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The M-CHAT-R/F-T scores were significantly correlated with several syndrome scores of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 and were significantly higher among toddlers with ASD than among ATD or TD toddlers. Furthermore, M-CHAT-R/F-T scores were negatively correlated with developmental scores in the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at 24 and 30 months. Moreover, the screening exhibited acceptable predictive validity (sensitivity = 0.86; specificity = 0.96) for ASD diagnosis at 36 months.

Conclusions and implications: The findings indicate that the M-CHAT-R/F-T is a valid and reliable tool for the developmental screening of low- and high-risk Taiwanese toddlers in community and clinical settings.

Keywords: ASD; M−CHAT-R/F; Screening; Taiwan; Toddlers.