The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. There is a wide array of problems that may arise within the cardiovascular system, for example, endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, abnormalities in the conduction system, among others, cardiovascular disease (CVD) or heart disease refer to the following 4 entities that are the focus of this article:
Coronary artery disease (CAD): Sometimes referred to as Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), results from decreased myocardial perfusion that causes angina, myocardial infarction (MI), and/or heart failure. It accounts for one-third to one-half of the cases of CVD.
Cerebrovascular disease (CVD): Including stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Peripheral artery disease (PAD): Particularly arterial disease involving the limbs that may result in claudication
Aortic atherosclerosis: Including thoracic and abdominal aneurysms
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