The aberrant expression of miR107‑5p is closely related to the development of several types of human cancers. However, the role of miR‑107‑5p in endometrial carcinoma (EC) has not been fully confirmed. In the present study, we aimed to explore the function of miR‑107‑5p in EC carcinogenesis. EC samples and normal endometrial tissues were obtained by laser capture microdissection. It was determined that the expression of miR‑107‑5p in EC was significantly higher than that in normal endometrium, and higher miR‑107‑5p expression was related to advanced FIGO stages, lymph node metastasis and myometrial invasion in EC patients. Blocking miR‑107‑5p significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion of EC cells in vitro and in vivo. The results of bioinformatic algorithms and luciferase reporter assays revealed that estrogen receptor α (ERα) was a direct target of miR‑107‑5p. miR‑107‑5p downregulated the expression of ERα mRNA and protein. In conclusion, our results highlighted that miR‑107‑5p is a novel prognostic factor that targets ERα to promote tumor proliferation and invasion of EC.