Objective: To understand the professional theory, prevention and control practice, experimental diagnosis and other technical skills of parasitic diseases among technicians of all levels of disease control and prevention institutions, so as to provide the evidence for strengthening the capacity building of Chinese professional personnel.
Methods: According to the method of recommendation at all levels, the subjects from disease control and prevention institutions at province, prefecture or county levels were chosen to assess the theory of parasitic diseases and test operation skills by using the method of answering the questions together with on-site operations in China. A database was built consisting of subjects' basic information and assessment scores. By using the method of hierarchical classification, the scores by gender, age, professional title, institutions and places of participants were analyzed.
Results: A total of 124 professions in prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases in 31 provinces (cities and regions) were evaluated in China. The average total score of all the subjects was 125.0 ± 35.2, with a passing rate of 54.8%. The average scores of male subjects and female subjects were 120.8 ± 34.2 and 126.6 ± 35.4 respectively; the average scores of the subjects aged under 30 years, between 30 and 40 years, and above 40 years were 125.6 ± 33.6, 124.9 ± 35.8, and 119.3 ± 45.9 respectively; the average scores of persons with junior, intermediate and senior professional titles were 119.8 ± 35.8, 136.0 ± 32.5 and 127.1 ± 40.9 respectively. The average theoretical assessment score of all the subjects was 67.4 ± 15.6, with a passing rate of 68.5%. The average practical skill assessment score of all the subjects was 57.6 ± 21.8, with a passing rate of 46.0%. The average detection rates of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae in endemic and non-endemic areas were 64.1%, 72.8%, 57.0%, 58.3% and 35.9%, 46.9%, 33.3%, 43.8%, respectively. The detection ability of professionals in endemic areas was significantly higher than that in non-endemic areas (χ2 = 767.10, 462.12, 134.97 and 360.80, respectively, all P < 0.01). The total detection rate of schistosome eggs was 48.7%, and the detection rates of schistosome eggs were 67.4% and 36.8% in endemic and non-endemic areas, respectively. The detection ability of professionals in endemic areas was significantly higher than that in non-endemic areas (χ2 = 817.74, P < 0.01). The detection rates of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Enterobius vermicularis were 85.7%, 78.6%, 91.7%, and 61.8%, 23.5% and 74.4% in the technicians in southern region and northern region of China, showing significant differences (χ2 = 622.58, 301.70 and 588.71, respectively, all P < 0.01).
Conclusions: The overall results of the subjects are good, but the technical operation capability of them is relatively low. Therefore, the specific training based on daily work needs should be enhanced. In addition, we should attach importance to talent cultivation and technical reserve, and strengthen the construction of the team, so as to meet the needs of the prevention and control of parasitic diseases.
[摘要] 目的 了解全国疾病预防控制机构寄生虫病防治人员寄生虫病专业理论、防治实践、实验诊断等水平, 为加强 我国寄生虫病防治队伍能力建设提供科学依据。方法 按照分级推荐的方式, 2017年在全国各省 (直辖市、自治区) 疾 病预防控制机构选取寄生虫病防治专业技术人员, 采用书面答题和现场操作的方法, 测评其寄生虫病专业理论和操作技 能; 以分层分类方法, 分析和评估不同性别、年龄、职称人员, 以及不同流行程度地区防治专业人员的寄生虫病检测能力。 结果 2017年全国共有31个省 (直辖市、自治区) 的124名寄生虫病防治专业技术人员参加了测评, 测评对象综合平均 得分为 (125.0 ± 35.2) 分, 及格者占54.8%。其中男性和女性综合平均得分分别为 (120.8 ± 34.2) 分和 (126.6 ± 35.4) 分, ≤ 30、＞ 30～40、＞ 40岁年龄组人员综合平均得分分别为 (125.6 ± 33.6) 、 (124.9 ± 35.8) 分和 (119.3 ± 45.9) 分, 初级、中 级、高级职称人员综合平均得分分别为 (119.8 ± 35.8) 、 (136.0 ± 32.5) 分和 (127.1 ± 40.9) 分。参加测评人员的寄生虫病 专业理论平均得分为 (67.4 ± 15.6) 分, 及格率为68.5%; 技能操作平均得分为 (57.6 ± 21.8) 分, 及格率为46.0%。疟疾流行 区和非流行区专业人员对恶性疟原虫、间日疟原虫、卵形疟原虫、三日疟原虫的平均检出率分别为64.1%、72.8%、57.0%、 58.3% 和35.9%、46.9%、33.3%、43.8%, 流行区专业技术人员对疟原虫的检测能力显著高于非流行区 (χ2 = 767.10、 462.12、134.97、360.80, P 均< 0.01) ; 血吸虫病流行区和非流行区专业人员对血吸虫虫卵的检出率分别为67.4% 和 36.8%, 流行区专业人员对血吸虫虫卵的检测水平显著高于非流行区 (χ2 = 817.74, P < 0.01) ; 南方和北方地区专业人员 对蛔虫、鞭虫、蛲虫的检出率分别为85.7%、78.6%、91.7%和61.8%、23.5%、74.4%, 差异亦有统计学意义 (χ2 = 622.58、 301.70、588.71, P 均< 0.01)。结论 我国寄生虫病防治专业技术人员的总体技术能力较高, 但技能操作水平相对偏低。 因此, 需重视寄生虫病防治专业技术人才培养和技术储备、强化寄生虫病防治队伍建设, 以满足寄生虫病防控需求。.
Keywords: Capability building; Parasitic disease; Prevention and control technique; Professional personnel; Professional theory; Technical skill.