Objective: To investigate the status of Oncomelania hupensis snails in Anhui Province in 2016, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the 13th Five-Year Plans for Schistosomiasis Control.
Methods: In 2016, a snail survey was conducted in Anhui Province according to the National Programme of the Oncomelania Snail Survey, covering all snail habitats or historical snail habitats and suspected environments of snail breeding, and the results of the survey were analyzed.
Results: In 2016, 22 848 environments were surveyed, and no schistosome-infected snails were found. There were 17 927 historical snail habitats in whole province, among which, the environments without changes, changed partly and changed completely accounted for 71.2%, 19.3% and 9.5%, respectively. The area of historical snail habitats was 1.410 billion m2. There were 4 830 environments with snail habitats covering an area of 0.265 billion m2 in 38 counties of 7 cities, including newly emerging area of 1 287.65 hm2 and reemerging area of 1 375.32 hm2. The density of living snails was 0.392 0 snails/0.1 m2, and the rate of frame with living snails was 12.93%. The type of marshland and lake regions, and the type of hilly and mountainous regions accounted for 22.4% and 77.6% of number of snail habitats, and accounted for 86.7% and 13.3% of areas of snail habitats, respectively. Among the different types of vegetation in snail habitats, grass was superior owe to accounting for 82.2% of the number of snail habitats, 57.3% of the area with snail habitats, and the highest density of living snails (0.413 9 snails/0.1 m2). Among the different types of environments in snail habitats, the ditch was superior owe to accounting for 56.8% of the number of snail habitats, the highest density of living snails (0.570 3 snails/0.1m2) and the highest rate of frame with living snails (18.57%), and the beach was superior owe to accounting for 87.8% of the area with snail habitats. In Anhui Province, the first year of snails and schistosome-infected snails being found was 1950 and 1952, respectively, and the latest year of schistosome-infected snails being found was 2012. The map showed that the most environments with snail habitats were distributed along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province.
Conclusions: For the first time, the investigation has built the database and map of snail spatial distribution, which truly reflect the historic and current status of snail distribution in Anhui Province and can provide the evidence for formulating the 13th Five-Year Plans for Schistosomiasis Control and improving the schistosomiasis prevention and control work in the future.
[摘要] 目的 分析2016年安徽省钉螺调查结果, 为制定全省“十三五”血吸虫病防治规划提供依据。方法2016年 安徽省根据《全国钉螺调查方案》开展钉螺全面调查, 调查环境包括现有钉螺环境、历史有螺环境和可疑钉螺孳生环境, 对调查结果进行分析。结果 2016年安徽省共调查了22 848处环境, 未发现血吸虫感染性钉螺。全省历史有螺环境 17 927处, 其中环境类型未改变的占71.2%、部分改变的占19.3%、彻底改变的占9.5%; 历史累计有螺面积14.10 亿m2。 全省现有钉螺环境共4 830处, 分布于7个市38个县 (市、区), 有螺面积2.65 亿m2, 其中2016年新发现有螺面积1 287.65 hm2、复现1 375.32 hm2。全省平均活螺密度0.392 0只/0.1 m2, 平均活螺框出现率为12.93%。有螺环境中, 湖沼型和山丘 型环境数分别占22.4%和77.6%, 有螺面积分别占86.7%和13.3%; 杂草为有螺环境中最主要的植被类型, 在环境数 (占 82.2%) 、有螺面积 (占57.3%) 和活螺密度 (0.413 9只/0.1 m2) 方面占比均较高。按环境类型统计, 沟渠型在有螺环境数 (占56.8%) 、平均活螺密度 (0.570 3只/0.1 m2) 和平均活螺框出现率 (18.57%) 方面占比较高, 滩地型有螺面积 (占87.8%) 占比较高。全省首次发现钉螺和感染性钉螺的年份分别为1950年和1952年, 最近一次发现感染性钉螺的年份为2012 年。现有螺环境主要沿长江水系分布。结论 首次建立了安徽省钉螺分布数据库和电子地图, 结果能较真实地反映全 省钉螺分布历史与现状, 可为制定全省“十三五”血吸虫病防治规划和今后防治工作提供科学依据。.
Keywords: Anhui Province; Oncomelania hupensis; Schistosomiasis.