Experimental manipulation of visual attention affects body size adaptation but not body dissatisfaction

Ian D Stephen; Katie Hunter; Daniel Sturman; Jonathan Mond; Richard J Stevenson; Kevin R Brooks

doi:10.1002/eat.22976

Experimental manipulation of visual attention affects body size adaptation but not body dissatisfaction

Int J Eat Disord. 2018 Dec 19. doi: 10.1002/eat.22976. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Ian D Stephen^{1

2

3}, Katie Hunter¹, Daniel Sturman¹, Jonathan Mond^{4

5}, Richard J Stevenson^{1

2}, Kevin R Brooks^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
² Perception in Action Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
³ ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
⁴ Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia.
⁵ Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.

PMID: 30565277
DOI: 10.1002/eat.22976

Abstract

Objective: Prolonged exposure to large/small bodies causes aftereffects in perceived body size. Outside the laboratory, individuals repeatedly exposed to small (large) bodies tend to over- (under-) estimate their size and exhibit increased (decreased) body dissatisfaction. Why, among individuals exposed to approximately equivalent distributions of body sizes, only some develop body size and shape misperception and/or body dissatisfaction is not yet fully understood.

Method: We exposed 61 women to high and low adiposity bodies simultaneously, instructing half to attend to high, and half to low adiposity bodies.

Results: Participants in the high adiposity attention condition's perception of "normal" body size significantly increased in adiposity, and vice versa.

Discussion: This suggests that visual attention moderates body size aftereffects. Interventions encouraging visual attention to more realistic ranges of bodies may therefore reduce body misperception. No change in body dissatisfaction was found, suggesting that changes in the perceptual component (misperception) may not necessarily affect the attitudinal component (dissatisfaction) of body image distortion.

Keywords: body size misperception; visual adaptation.