Context: Primary spinal primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the central nervous system has a low incidence. The intraspinal case is very rare. Around 30 cases have been reported so far. We summarized the cases of primary spinal PNET available in the database of our institute, either intramedullary or extramedullary cases. Then we did literature review of the same disease. Findings: There were eight cases of primary spinal PNET available in our database, with one intramedullary case and seven extramedullary cases. Surgical resection was performed. The histology diagnosis was PNET. Peri-operative image examinations of the whole central nervous system (CNS) were performed to exclude tumors other than spinal cord origin. Then during literature review, 33 reports of the disease were included. The pre-operative diagnosis rate was low. The disease had a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis given available treatment. Conclusion: Primary spinal primitive neuroectodermal tumor is of high malignancy. Little is known due to its quite low incidence. The prognosis is poor due to lacking of effective treatment strategy. Present treatment strategy is referred to other common CNS malignancies like glioma. Further investigation of the disease is necessary.
Keywords: Extramedullary; Intramedullary; Primary; Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET); Spinal.