Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new pyrazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives as selective cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitors

Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 2019 Feb;352(2):e1800265. doi: 10.1002/ardp.201800265. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Abstract

A new class of pyrazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives possessing the SO2 Me pharmacophore at the para position of the C-3 phenyl ring was designed, synthesized, and tested for their cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory, anti-cancer and anti-platelet aggregation activities. In vitro COX-1/COX-2 inhibition studies showed that 2-(4-methylphenyl)-1-methylene-3-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyrazino-[1,2-a]benzimidazole (5g) was the most potent COX-2 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.08 μM) and 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-methylene-3-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyrazino-[1,2-a]benzimidazole (5m) had the highest selectivity index (SI > 909). Cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was also determined against the MCF-7 cell line. Most compounds were cytotoxic against MCF-7 cells and our results showed that compound 5m exhibited the highest anti-proliferative activity compared to the reference compound, cisplatin. Our data also indicated that compound 5k was the most potent platelet aggregation inhibitor according to aggregometry test results.

Keywords: COX-2 inhibitory; MCF-7; anti-cancer; anti-platelet aggregation; docking study; pyrazinobenzimidazole.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Benzimidazoles / chemical synthesis
  • Benzimidazoles / chemistry
  • Benzimidazoles / pharmacology*
  • Breast Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Cisplatin / pharmacology
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / chemical synthesis
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • MCF-7 Cells
  • Pyrazines / chemical synthesis
  • Pyrazines / chemistry
  • Pyrazines / pharmacology*
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Benzimidazoles
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
  • Pyrazines
  • Cisplatin