Chemical predator signals induce metabolic suppression in rock goby (Gobius paganellus)

PLoS One. 2018 Dec 17;13(12):e0209286. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209286. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

In nature, a multitude of both abiotic and biotic stressors influence organisms with regard to their overall fitness. Stress responses that finally impair normal biological functions may ultimately result in consequences for whole populations. This study focused on the metabolic response of the intertidal rock pool fish Gobius paganellus towards simulated predation risk. Individuals were exposed to a mixture of skin extracts from conspecifics and chemical alarm cues from a top predator, Octopus vulgaris. Oxygen consumption rates of single fish were measured to establish standard (SMR) and routine metabolic rates (RMR) of G. paganellus, and to address the direct response towards simulated predation risk, compared to handling and light stress. The SMR of G. paganellus (0.0301 ± 0.0081 mg O2 h-1 g-1 WW) was significantly lower than the RMR (0.0409 ± 0.0078 mg O2 h-1 g-1 WW). In contrast to increased respiration due to handling and light stress, the exposure to chemical predation cues induced a significant reduction in oxygen consumption rates (0.0297 ± 0.0077 mg O2 h-1 g-1 WW). This metabolic suppression was interpreted as a result of the stereotypic freezing behaviour as antipredator response of gobiid fish. Results underline the importance of biotic interactions in environmental stress assessments and predation as a biotic factor that will provide more realistic scenarios when addressing stress impacts in tidal rock pool organisms.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cues
  • Fishes / metabolism*
  • Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic / physiology
  • Handling, Psychological
  • Models, Animal
  • Octopodiformes
  • Oxygen Consumption*
  • Perception / physiology
  • Predatory Behavior
  • Skin / metabolism
  • Stress, Physiological*

Grants and funding

This study had the support of Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the Strategic Project UID/MAR/04292/2013, project ProTEoME (PTDC/AAG-MAA/1302/2014), and project MARINE INVADERS (PTDC/BIA-CBI/31144/2017 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031144), and the post-doc grant of Sara C. Novais (SFRH/BPD/94500/2013). The project was also partially funded by the Integrated Programme of SR&TD “SmartBioR” (reference Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018) co-funded by Centro 2020 program, Portugal 2020, European Union, through the European Regional Development Fund. The stay abroad was financially supported by ERASMUS+. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.