Low Skeletal Muscle Mass before Salvage-Line Chemotherapy Is a Poor Prognostic Factor in Patients with Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Digestion. 2019;99(1):79-85. doi: 10.1159/000494417. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Abstract

Background: Regorafenib and TAS-102 are standard salvage-line treatment options for patients with chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of skeletal muscle mass in mCRC patients receiving these salvage-line therapies.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 52 patients with mCRC who received regorafenib or TAS-102 as salvage-line treatment. Skeletal muscle cross-sectional area was measured by pretreatment CT to obtain the skeletal muscle index (SMI, cm2/m2). We divided patients into 2 groups (low-SM/high-SMI) based on the median value of SMI.

Result: The median SMI was 51.8 cm2/m2 in males and 39.2 cm2/m2 in females. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients in the low-SMI group showed significantly shorter overall survival (3.7 vs. 7.3 months, log-rank p = 0.002) and progression-free survival (1.9 vs. 2.8 months, log-rank test p = 0.009) than those in the high-SMI group. Subsequent multivariate analysis revealed that the SMI was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 2.381, 95% CI 1.189-4.944, p = 0.014). Patients in the low-SMI group had significantly more grade 3 or 4 adverse events than those in the high-SMI group (46 vs.12%, p = 0.013).

Conclusion: Low skeletal muscle mass is a negative factor for survival outcomes in mCRC patients treated with salvage-line chemotherapy.

Keywords: Cachexia; Prognosis; Salvage-line chemotherapy; Skeletal muscle; Toxicity.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / mortality
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Drug Combinations
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Muscle, Skeletal / pathology*
  • Phenylurea Compounds / therapeutic use
  • Prognosis
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Pyridines / therapeutic use
  • Pyrrolidines
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Salvage Therapy / methods
  • Salvage Therapy / statistics & numerical data*
  • Thymine
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Trifluridine / therapeutic use
  • Uracil / analogs & derivatives

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Drug Combinations
  • Phenylurea Compounds
  • Pyridines
  • Pyrrolidines
  • trifluridine tipiracil drug combination
  • regorafenib
  • Uracil
  • Thymine
  • Trifluridine