The increase in global demand for electric energy is reflected in plans to construct numerous hydroelectric dams in South America that can cause chronic ecological impacts if not built and managed correctly. One of the main impacts generated by hydropower dams is the accumulation of Hg chemical species in their reservoir compartments and the downstream transport of these contaminants. Hg circulation in these environments has been studied for 27 years and this review brings a synthesis of the dynamics that are now well established, so that future studies can focus on gaps and inconsistent results in the literature. The topics cover the methylation process of Hg, its transfer along the trophic chain and the impacts downstream from dams. In addition, meta-analyses are used to propose regression models that explain Hg dispersion in environmental compartments of reservoirs, using as predictors morphological, spatial and temporal aspects of these environments.
Keywords: Fish; Hydroelectric; Impacts; Mercury; Methylation; Sediment.
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