How was medicine-taught and studied in the early modern period? How did teachers and students relate to the tradition of medical texts? Historians have addressed these questions mainly through research on printed sources. This article uses student notes as a window on medical training in action in Montpellier. The student was Franqois Boissier de Sauvages; the teacher, Jacques Lazerme. The notes record Lazerme lecturing in the form of commentary on the first 14 Hippocratic Aphorisms and setting quite different emphases from those of earlier commentators: professional ethics and how to handle a case (on aphorism 1), moderation in. bloodletting (on 2), disease classification (on 4-6), similarity of symptoms among different diseases (on 7), treating fever (on 8-io), periodicity of disease (on ii), weather and disease (on iz), "calor innatus" and oscillations in the circulation of the blood, with reference to Isaac Newton (on 14). These commentaries allow a fresh look at medical training between theory and practice.