Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of death worldwide. Here, we identify the macrophage MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) as a crucial pathogenic player in cardiac wound repair after MI. Seven days after left coronary artery ligation, mice with myeloid cell-restricted MR deficiency compared with WT (wild type) controls displayed improved cardiac function and remodeling associated with enhanced infarct neovascularization and scar maturation. Gene expression profiling of heart-resident and infarct macrophages revealed that MR deletion drives macrophage differentiation in the ischemic microenvironment toward a phenotype outside the M1/M2 paradigm, with regulation of multiple interrelated factors controlling wound healing and tissue repair. Mechanistic and functional data suggest that inactivation of the macrophage MR promotes myocardial infarct healing through enhanced efferocytosis of neutrophils, the suppression of free radical formation, and the modulation of fibroblast activation state. Crucially, targeted delivery of MR antagonists to macrophages, with a single administration of RU28318 or eplerenone-containing liposomes at the onset of MI, improved the healing response and protected against cardiac remodeling and functional deterioration, offering an effective and unique therapeutic strategy for cardiac repair.
Keywords: liposomes; macrophages; myocardial infarction; receptors, mineralocorticoid; wound healing.