Synthesis and computer-aided analysis of the role of linker for novel ligands of the 5-HT6 serotonin receptor among substituted 1,3,5-triazinylpiperazines

Abstract

A series of 2-amino-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazines was designed based on previously published 2-amino-4-benzyl-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazines in order to evaluate the role of a linker between the triazine moiety and an aromatic substituent for the human serotonin 5-HT₆ receptor affinity. As new linkers two carbon atoms (ethyl or ethenyl) or an oxyalkyl chain (methoxy, 2-ethoxy, 2-propoxy) were introduced. Affinities of the compounds for the 5-HT₆R as the main target, and for the 5-HT_1AR, 5-HT₇R and D₂R as competitive ones, were determined in the radioligand binding assays. Docking to the 5-HT₆R homology model was performed to support SAR analysis. Results showed that the branching of the methoxyl linker increased affinity for the human 5-HT₆R whereas an unsaturated bond within the linker dramatically reduced desirable activity. Both experimental and theoretical studies confirmed the previously postulated beneficial role of the aromatic size for interaction with the 5-HT₆R. Thus, the largest naphthyl moiety yielded the highest activity. In particular, 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-(1-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)ethyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (24), the most potent 5-HT₆R agent found (K_i = 23 nM), can be a new lead structure for further search and development.