Objective: To survey the conduction and evaluate the effectiveness of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in China mainland. Methods: In a questionnaire-based survey, we retrospectively reviewed the application of ECMO in children's hospital and general hospital in China mainland to summarize and analyze the categories of diseases and prognosis of children treated with ECMO therapy. Results: By December 31, 2017, a total of 23 hospitals using ECMO, including 22 tertiary referral hospitals and 1 secondary hospital, among which 16 were children's hospitals and 7 were general hospitals. Thirty-seven ECMO equipment was available. A total of 518 patients treated with ECMO, within whom 323 (62.4%) successfully weaned from ECMO and 262 (50.6%) survived to discharge. Among 375 pediatric patients, 233 (62.1%) were successfully weaned from ECMO and 186 (49.6%) survived to discharge. Among 143 newborn patients, 90 (62.9%) successfully weaned from ECMO, 76 (53.1%) survived to discharge. ECMO was applied in veno-arterial (VA) mode to 501 (96.7%) patients, veno-venous (VV) mode to 14 (2.7%) patients, and VV-VA conversion mode to 3 (0.6%) patients. Sixty-nine patients required extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), including 20 newborn patients (29.0%) and 38 pediatric patients (71.0%), who were all with cardiovascular disease. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (26/61), persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) (12/61), and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) (11/61) are the most common pulmonary diseases in newborn patients; among whom, infants with PPHN had highest survival rate (10/12), followed by MAS (9/11). Among newborn patients with cardiovascular diseases, those who admitted were after surgery for congenital cardiac disease were the most common (54/82), while those with septic shock had the highest survival rate (2/3). In pediatric pulmonary diseases, acute respiratory distress syndrome was the most common (42/93), while plastic bronchitis was with the highest survival rate (4/4), followed by viral pneumonia (13/16). Among pediatric cardiovascular diseases, congenital cardiac defect was the most common (124/282), while fulminant myocarditis had the highest survival rate (54/77). Conclusion: The application of ECMO as a rescue therapy for children with severe cardiopulmonary failure has dramatically developed in China mainland.
目的： 了解中国大陆地区儿童重症监护病房（PICU）体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）临床应用的现状和治疗效果。 方法： 采用问卷横断面调查方法描述中国大陆地区开展ECMO治疗的儿童专科医院或综合医院的PICU应用ECMO情况；分析接受ECMO治疗患儿的疾病种类及治疗效果。 结果： 截至2017年12月31日，国内开展儿童ECMO技术的医院共23家，三级医院22家，二级医院1家；专科儿童医院16家，综合性医院7家。共有ECMO设备37台。共518例患儿接受ECMO治疗，成功撤离ECMO病例323例（62.4%），存活出院病例262例（50.6%）。非新生儿组375例，成功撤离ECMO 233例（62.1%），存活出院186例（49.6%）。新生儿组143例，成功撤离ECMO者90例（62.9%），存活出院76例（53.1%）。518例患儿中，静脉-动脉（VA）模式501例（96.7%），静脉-静脉（VV）模式14例（2.7%），VV转VA 3例（0.6%）。体外心肺复苏（ECPR）患儿共69例，新生儿组20例（29.0%），非新生儿组49例（71.0%）；均因心脏疾病接受ECPR。新生儿组中呼吸系统疾病以新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征最多（26/61），其次为新生儿持续肺动脉高压（12/61）和胎粪吸入综合征（11/61）。存活率最高的疾病为新生儿持续肺动脉高压（10/12）和胎粪吸入综合征（9/11）。新生儿循环系统疾病中，先天性心脏病术后最多（54/82），存活率最高的是脓毒症休克（2/3）。非新生儿组中，呼吸系统疾病中，急性呼吸窘迫综合征最多（42/93），存活率较高的为塑形支气管炎（4/4）、病毒性肺炎（13/16）。循环系统疾病中，先天性心脏病患儿最多（124/282）；存活率最高的是暴发性心肌炎（54/77）。 结论： ECMO技术在中国大陆地区PICU内严重心肺功能衰竭患儿中迅速发展，对抢救儿科危重症具有重要的实用价值。.
Keywords: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Intensive care units, pediatric; Questionnaires.