Background: Hemodynamic characteristics of the interaction influence among support level and model of LVAD, and coupling β-blocker has not been reported.
Methods: In this study, the effect of support level and model of LVAD on cardiovascular hemodynamic characteristics is investigated. In addition, the effect of β-blocker on unloading with LVAD is analyzed to elucidate the mechanism of LVAD coupling β-blocker. A multi-scale model from cell level to system level is proposed. Moreover, LVAD coupling β-blocker has been researching to explain the hemodynamics of cardiovascular system.
Results: Myocardial force was decreased along with the increase of support level of LVAD, and co-pulse mode was the lowest among the three support modes. Additionally, the β-blocker combined with LVAD significantly reduced the left ventricular volume compared with LVAD support without β-blocker. However, the left ventricular pressure under both cases has no significant difference. External work of right ventricular was increased along with the growth of support level of only LVAD. The LVAD under co-pulse mode achieved the lowest right-ventricular EW among the three support modes.
Conclusions: Co-pulse mode with β-blocker could be an optimal strategy for promoting cardiac structure and function recovery.
Keywords: Hemodynamics; Left ventricular assist devices; Multi-scale model; β-Adrenergic receptor antagonists.