1 Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio Department of Critical Care, Turkish Ministry of Health, Health Sciences University, Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery, Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio Department of Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, turana@ccf.org.