Background: Nuclear histone proteins are released into the extracellular space during sepsis and act as major mediators of death. However, circulating histone levels have not been precisely quantified.
Methods: We developed a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of circulating histone H3 levels and evaluated its performance. Using the ELISA, we measured plasma histone H3 levels in C57BL/6 J mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis.
Results: The newly developed ELISA enabled reproducible measurement of histone H3 levels with a working range up to 250 ng/mL. Using the ELISA, we found that plasma histone H3 levels were elevated in septic mice compared with sham-operated mice (p < 0.01). The elevation of histone H3 levels was abrogated when neutrophils were depleted (p < 0.01).
Conclusions: Our novel ELISA provides reproducible measurements of histone H3 levels. Circulating histone H3 levels are increased in septic mice in a neutrophil-dependent manner. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical utility of histone H3 levels in patients with sepsis.
Keywords: ELISA; Histone; Neutrophil; Sepsis.