Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), as one of the most important components of tumor microenvironment, which plays important role in tumorigenesis, development, infiltration and metastasis of cancers. In a variety of solid tumors, CAF can even determine the fate of tumor cells. In view of its pivotal role in promoting tumor progression, CAF has recently become a therapeutic target for a variety of tumors. However, there are a few studies on CAF in hematological malignancies. Recent studies have found that the resistance, relapse of AML, MM, CLL and myelofibrosis of MPN closely relate with CAF, so targeting CAF can effectively enhance the killing effect of chemotherapy drugs on tumor cells, thus improve the efficacy, CAF is expected to become a new target for the treatment of hematological malignancies. This review summarizes recent advances in cancer-associated fibroblasts in hematological malignancies.