Controlling the distance of highly confined droplets in a capillary by interfacial tension for merging on-demand

Lab Chip. 2018 Dec 18;19(1):136-146. doi: 10.1039/c8lc01182f.

Abstract

Droplet microfluidics is a powerful technology that finds many applications in chemistry and biomedicine. Among different configurations, droplets confined in a capillary (or plugs) present a number of advantages: they allow positional identification and simplify the integration of complex multi-steps protocols. However, these protocols rely on the control of droplet speed, which is affected by a complex and still debated interplay of various physico-chemical parameters like droplet length, viscosity ratio between droplets and carrier fluid, flow rate and interfacial tension. We present here a systematic investigation of the droplet speed as a function of their length and interfacial tension, and propose a novel, simple and robust methodology to control the relative distance between consecutive droplets flowing in microfluidic channels through the addition of surfactants either into the dispersed and/or into the continuous phases. As a proof of concept application, we present the possibility to accurately trigger in space and time the merging of two confined droplets flowing in a uniform cross-section circular capillary. This approach is further validated by monitoring a conventional enzymatic reaction used to quantify the concentration of H2O2 in a biological sample, showing its potentialities in both continuous and stopped assay methods.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Equipment Design
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / chemistry
  • Microfluidics / instrumentation*
  • Microfluidics / methods*
  • Models, Chemical
  • Surface Tension*
  • Surface-Active Agents / chemistry
  • Viscosity

Substances

  • Surface-Active Agents
  • Hydrogen Peroxide