Zinc finger protein 32 promotes breast cancer stem cell-like properties through directly promoting GPER transcription

Cell Death Dis. 2018 Nov 26;9(12):1162. doi: 10.1038/s41419-018-1144-2.

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women. Due to the existence of a small fraction of stem cell-like subpopulations, some breast cancer subtypes exhibit very high malignancy and resistance to multiple therapies. The underlying mechanisms of how these subtypes acquire stem cell-like properties and progress more aggressively remain largely unknown. Zinc finger protein 32 (ZNF32), a newly discovered transcription factor, has been reported to be associated with breast cancer progression. However, many questions remain about its target genes and its exact mechanisms in regulating stem cell-like properties and drug resistance. In the present study, we examined the relationship between ZNF32 and GPER, a membrane-associated estrogen receptor, and we addressed their roles in stemness regulation in human breast cancer cell lines. Our results showed that ZNF32 could induce expansion of stem cell-like subpopulations and increase drug resistance by upregulating GPER expression, in which ERK activation was also implicated. We also illustrated that ZNF32 induced GPER expression via a ZNF32 binding sequence located within the GPER promoter region. A correlation between ZNF32/GPER expression and increased tumor incidence and burden was observed in xenograft mouse models. We conclude that ZNF32 can engage GPER/ERK signalling and confer breast cancer stem cell-like properties, which may indicate poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. ZNF32 and GPER targeted therapies might provide new solutions for breast cancer treatment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Animals
  • Breast / metabolism
  • Breast / pathology
  • Breast Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Breast Neoplasms / pathology
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / genetics
  • Heterografts
  • Humans
  • Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / genetics*
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System / genetics
  • MCF-7 Cells
  • Mice
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplastic Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Neoplastic Stem Cells / pathology
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics
  • Protein Binding
  • Receptors, Estrogen / genetics*
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / genetics*
  • Transcriptional Activation / genetics

Substances

  • GPER1 protein, human
  • Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors
  • Receptors, Estrogen
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
  • ZNF32 protein, human