Study of encapsulated microbubble cluster based on association schemes perspective

S Behnia; M Yahyavi; R Habibpourbisafar; F Mottaghi

doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.11.011

Study of encapsulated microbubble cluster based on association schemes perspective

Ultrason Sonochem. 2019 Apr:52:131-141. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.11.011. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Authors

S Behnia¹, M Yahyavi², R Habibpourbisafar³, F Mottaghi⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physics, Urmia University of Technology, Orumieh, Iran. Electronic address: s.behnia@sci.uut.ac.ir.
² Department of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: m.yahyavi@bilkent.edu.tr.
³ Department of Physics, Urmia University of Technology, Orumieh, Iran.
⁴ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.

PMID: 30477795
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.11.011

Abstract

Ultrasound contrast agents have been recently utilized in therapeutical implementations for targeted delivery of pharmaceutical substances. Radial pulsations of a cluster of encapsulated microbubbles under the action of an ultrasound field are complex and highly nonlinear, particularly for drug and gene delivery applications with high acoustic pressure amplitudes. In this paper, based on Qin-Ferrara's model (Qin and Ferrara, 2010), the complete synchronization and cluster formation in targeted microbubbles network are studied. Also, association schemes as a novel approach are suggested for finding a relationship between coupled microbubbles elements which are immersed in blood or surrounding soft tissue. A significant advantage of this method is that the stability of the synchronized state (or symmetric eigenmode of mutual bubble oscillation) with respect to another state (another eigenmode) can now predict. More interestingly, we find a significant relationship between an isolated and multiple microbubbles. The results show that the problem of studying the dynamics of encapsulated microbubble cluster at synchronization state is dependent on the dynamical characteristics of isolated cases, shell thickness, density. Also, the distance between microbubbles has an important role in their synchronous modes.

Keywords: Associated scheme; Bose-Mesner algebra; Encapsulated microbubbles; Globally coupled map; Lyapunov exponent; Synchronization; Targeted drug delivery.