Grand round: Autoimmune hepatitis

J Hepatol. 2019 Apr;70(4):773-784. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.11.006. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Abstract

Autoimmune hepatitis is a corticosteroid-responsive liver disease arising consequent to immunogenetic and environmental risk factors. The clinical course reflects relapsing and remitting, hepatocyte targeted immunologic damage, which is countered by reparative responses to cell injury. Appropriate and timely immunosuppressive therapy drives the disease into remission, albeit with inevitable side effects. Many challenges faced in the clinic reflect practice that must capture a heterogeneous disease presentation, course, and treatment response, as well as treatment tolerability. In this Grand Round we appraise the evidence supporting current treatment approaches, address the impact of autoimmune liver disease 'crossover or overlap' presentations, explore important clinical correlates to immune-serological classifiers, and discuss the factors influencing choice of alternative therapy in difficult-to-treat situations.

Keywords: Alternative therapies; Autoimmune hepatitis; Immune-mediated liver injury; Mycophenolate; Primary sclerosing cholangitis; Tacrolimus.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / administration & dosage
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Azathioprine / administration & dosage
  • Azathioprine / adverse effects
  • Azathioprine / therapeutic use*
  • Clinical Decision-Making
  • Complementary Therapies
  • Drug Tolerance
  • Female
  • Hepatitis, Autoimmune / classification
  • Hepatitis, Autoimmune / diagnosis
  • Hepatitis, Autoimmune / drug therapy*
  • Hepatitis, Autoimmune / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / administration & dosage
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / adverse effects
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Male
  • Precision Medicine / methods
  • Prednisolone / administration & dosage
  • Prednisolone / therapeutic use*
  • Recurrence
  • Risk Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Immunosuppressive Agents
  • Prednisolone
  • Azathioprine