In order to reduce data redundancy and improve scanning efficiency in three-dimensional imaging, a retina-like transmitting optical system based on a curved lens array (CLA) is proposed. The mathematical model for the transmitting system is developed, and associated parameters for the space-variant CLA are studied. Model testing validates that the transmitting system bears flexible scanning field of view and achieves scanning efficiency up to 80%. Imaging simulations show that the proposed scanning method utilizing the logarithmic-polar imaging characteristics efficiently detects secondary targets. Furthermore, simulation results show that the parameters of the single lens in the lens array are not fixed, but flexible, which facilitates the corresponding structural design.