Forest ecosystem has significant functions and services. The accounting on forest ecosystem services valuation (ESV) is one of the key prerequisites to forest ESV pricing, ecosystems protection, and the implementation of that "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets". We first reviewed the advantages and limitations of current forest ESV counting methods, and then established the non-monetary accounting method on forest ESV based on emergy method. Further, we used forests in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area to test this accounting method. In addition, we modified the ESV accounting results based on normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI). Meanwhile, considering the uncertainty of data source, we conducted the uncertainty analysis on the accounting results. The results showed that the order of forest ESV in the different areas of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei was Chengde > Beijing > Baoding > Zhangjiakou > Shijiazhuang > Qinhuangdao > Tianjin > Tangshan > Xingtai > Langfang > Hengshui >Cangzhou. The ESV order of different forest types was deciduous broad-leaved forest > evergreen coniferous forest > deciduous coniferous forest. In terms of different ecosystem services subtypes, the largest type of the ESV per unit area in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei was climate regulation, accounting for around 60% of the total ESV per unit area, following by net primary productivity (NPP) increase and carbon sequestration, accounting for around 23%, and the proportion of other subtypes were small. The forest ESV in Hebei Province contributed most to local GDP, followed by Beijing and Tianjin. The non-monetary forest ESV accounting method established here could overcome the limitations of previous methods, including double counting, failure to establish ESV from donor side and the improper use or replacement of emergy transformities. We systematically assessed the forest ESV and could provide more effective optimization and decision-making basis on forest ecosystem services pricing, eco-compensation establishment and ecological civilization promotion.
森林生态系统具有重要的功能和服务价值,对其价值的准确核算是实现森林生态系统服务定价、保护森林生态系统和落实“绿水青山就是金山银山”等实际工作的关键前提之一.本研究首先综述了现有森林生态系统服务价值核算方法的优点和局限性,然后构建了基于能值的非货币量的森林生态系统服务价值核算方法,并选取京津冀森林生态系统进行案例研究来测试这一核算方法,又进一步基于归一化植被指数对生态系统服务价值核算结果进行修正,同时考虑到数据获取的不确定性,对核算结果进行了不确定性分析.结果表明: 京津冀不同地区森林生态系统服务价值依次为承德>北京>保定>张家口>石家庄>秦皇岛>天津>邯郸>唐山>邢台>廊坊>衡水>沧州;不同森林生态系统服务价值依次为落叶阔叶林>常绿针叶林>落叶针叶林;就不同生态系统服务子类而言,京津冀单位面积森林生态系统服务价值最大的类型为调节气候,约占单位面积总价值的60%,其次是增加净初级生产力(NPP)和固碳释氧,约占23%,其他子类占比较小;河北省森林生态系统服务价值对当地GDP贡献最大,北京次之,天津最小.本研究构建的森林生态系统服务价值非货币量核算方法,可克服现存研究中存在重复计算、未能真正从生态系统贡献者视角出发、能值转化率使用或替代不当的局限性,系统核算了森林生态系统服务价值,能为实现生态系统服务定价、建立生态补偿机制和加快生态文明体制改革等提供更有效的优化和决策依据.
Keywords: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei; emergy; forest ecosystem services value; monetary accoun-ting; non-monetary accounting.