[Adenitis-cellulitis syndrome, an infrequent form of presentation of the late-onset neonatal septicemia: Report of two cases]

Arch Argent Pediatr. 2018 Dec 1;116(6):e769-e772. doi: 10.5546/aap.2018.e769.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract
in English, Spanish

Septicemia is the main cause of neonatal mortality. The early-onset neonatal sepsis is usually related to maternal factor risks including recto-vaginal colonization. In the late-onset neonatal septicemia it is more difficult to establish the etiology because the majority of the cases are nosocomial or community related. The Streptococcus agalactiae (beta-hemolytic Streptococcus) is the most frequent germ associated with neonatal sepsis in developed countries. The late-onset form usually occurs with septic symptoms and meningitis and, in a few cases, with osteoarticular, skin and soft tissue infection. Adenitis-cellulitis syndrome is rarely seen, and its main cause is Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Streptococcus agalactiae. We report two cases of group B Streptococcus late-onset neonatal septicemia, both of them with adenitis-cellulitis syndrome. Patients recovered uneventfully after an adequate antibiotic therapy.

La sepsis es la principal causa de mortalidad neonatal. La forma precoz, habitualmente, está relacionada con la colonización recto-vaginal u otros factores de riesgo materno. En la forma tardía, es difícil establecer su origen; por lo general, es nosocomial o de la comunidad. El Streptococcus agalactiae (Streptococcus beta-hemolítico del grupo B) es el germen implicado con más frecuencia en la sepsis neonatal en países desarrollados. La forma tardía, generalmente, se presenta con septicemia y meningitis, y, en ocasiones, pueden detectarse infecciones osteoarticulares o de piel y tejidos blandos. El síndrome celulitis-adenitis en la región cervical, forma poco frecuente de presentación, es causado por Staphylococcus aureus y, ocasionalmente, por Streptococcus agalactiae. Se reportan 2 casos de sepsis neonatal tardía con clínica de celulitis-adenitis cervical causados por Streptococcus beta-hemolítico del grupo B, con una evolución satisfactoria con terapia antibiótica de amplio espectro.

Keywords: Cellulitis-adenitis; Group B Streptococcus; Late-onset neonatal sepsis; Streptococcus agalactiae.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
  • Cellulitis / diagnosis*
  • Cellulitis / drug therapy
  • Cellulitis / microbiology
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Lymphadenitis / diagnosis*
  • Lymphadenitis / drug therapy
  • Lymphadenitis / microbiology
  • Male
  • Neonatal Sepsis / diagnosis*
  • Neonatal Sepsis / drug therapy
  • Neonatal Sepsis / microbiology
  • Streptococcal Infections / diagnosis*
  • Streptococcal Infections / drug therapy
  • Streptococcal Infections / microbiology
  • Streptococcus agalactiae / isolation & purification
  • Syndrome

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents