Objective: To estimate the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer in China in 2014, based on the cancer registration data. Data was collected through the National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR). Methods: All together, 449 cancer registries submitted required data on incidence and deaths of kidney cancer occurred in 2014, to the NCCR. After evaluation on the quality of data,339 registries were accepted for analysis and stratified by areas (urban/rural) and age groups. Combined with data from the National population in 2014, the nationwide incidence and mortality of kidney cancer were estimated. Data from the 2000 National census was used, and with Segi's population used for the rates of age-standardized incidence/mortality. Results: The qualified 339 cancer registries covered a total population of 288 243 347, with 144 061 915 in urban and 144 181 432 in rural areas. The percentage of morphologically verified cases and cases with only available death certificates were 72.70% and 1.27%, respectively. The mortality to incidence ratio was 0.37. The estimates of new cases were around 68 300 in whole China, in 2014, with a crude incidence rate as 4.99/100 000 (95%CI: 4.95/100 000-5.03/100 000). The age-standardized incidence rates of kidney cancer, estimated by China standard population (ASR China) and world standard population (ASR world) were 3.43/100 000 (95%CI: 3.40/100 000-3.46/100 000) and 3.40/100 000 (95%CI: 3.37/100 000- 3.43/100 000), respectively. The cumulative incidence rate of kidney cancer was 0.40% in China. The crude and ASR China incidence rates for males appeared as 6.09/100 000 (6.03/100 000-6.15/100 000) and 4.32/100 000 (4.28/100 000-4.36/100 000), respectively, whereas those were 3.84/100 000 (3.79/100 000-3.89/100 000) and 2.54/100 000 (2.50/100 000-2.58/100 000) for females. The crude and ASR China incidence rates in urban areas appeared as 6.60/100 000 (95%CI: 6.54/100 000-6.66/100 000) and 4.25/100 000 (95%CI: 4.21/100 000-4.29/100 000), respectively, whereas those were 3.05/100 000 (95%CI: 3.01/100 000-3.09/100 000) and 2.29/100 000 (95%CI: 2.25/100 000-2.33/100 000) in rural areas. The estimates of kidney cancer deaths were around 25 600 in the country, in 2014, with a crude mortality rate of 1.87/100 000 (95%CI: 1.85/100 000-1.89/100 000). The ASR China and ASR world mortality rates appeared as 1.16/100 000 (95%CI: 1.14/100 000-1.18/100 000) and 1.16/100 000(95%CI: 1.14/100 000-1.18/100 000), respectively, with a cumulative mortality rate (0-74 years old) of 0.12%. The crude and ASR China mortality rates were 2.31/100 000 (95%CI: 2.27/100 000- 2.35/100 000) and 1.52/100 000 (95%CI: 1.50/100 000-1.54/100 000) for males, respectively, whereas those were 1.41/100 000 (95%CI: 1.38/100 000-1.44/100 000) and 0.81/100 000 (95%CI: 0.79/100 000- 0.83/100 000) for females. The crude and ASR China mortality rates were 2.49/100 000 (95%CI: 2.45/100 000-2.53/100 000) and 1.42/100 000 (95%CI: 1.40/100 000-1.44/100 000) in urban areas, respectively, whereas those were 1.12/100 000 (95%CI: 1.09/100 000-1.15/100 000) and 0.78/100 000 (95%CI: 0.76/100 000-0.80/100 000) in the rural areas. Conclusions: Both the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer seemed low, in China. However, the incidence of kidney cancer had greatly increased. Our findings suggested that prevention and control strategies for kidney cancer should be focused on males in the urban areas.
目的： 分析全国肿瘤登记中心收集的登记资料，估计2014年全国肾癌的发病和死亡情况。 方法： 对全国肿瘤登记中心449个登记处上报的2014年肿瘤登记数据进行评估，其中339个肿瘤登记处的数据符合入选标准，按城乡和年龄分层，结合2014年全国人口数据，估计全国肾癌的发病和死亡情况。中国人口标化率（中标率）采用2000年全国人口普查的标准人口年龄构成，世界人口标化率（世标率）采用Segi’s标准人口年龄构成。 结果： 339个肿瘤登记地区覆盖人口为288 243 347人（城市144 061 915人，农村144 181 432人）。肾癌病理诊断比例为72.70%，只有死亡证明书比例为1.27%，死亡发病比为0.37。估计全国新发肾癌病例数约为6.83万例，发病率为4.99/10万（95%CI：4.95/10万~5.03/10万），中标发病率为3.43/10万（95%CI：3.40/10万~3.46/10万），世标发病率为3.40/10万（95%CI：3.37/10万~3.43/10万），累积发病率（0~74岁）为0.40%。男性发病率为6.09/10万（6.03/10万~6.15/10万），中标发病率为4.32/10万（4.28/10万~4.36/10万）；女性发病率为3.84/10万（3.79/10万~3.89/10万），中标发病率为2.54/10万（2.50/10万~2.58/10万）。城市地区发病率为6.60/10万（95%CI：6.54/10万~6.66/10万），中标发病率为4.25/10万（95%CI：4.21/10万~4.29/10万）；农村地区发病率为3.05/10万（95%CI：3.01/10万~3.09/10万），中标发病率为2.29/10万（95%CI：2.25/10万~2.33/10万）。估计全国肾癌死亡病例数约为2.56万例，死亡率为1.87/10万（95%CI：1.85/10万~1.89/10万），中标死亡率为1.16/10万（95%CI：1.14/10万~1.18/10万），世标死亡率为1.16/10万（95%CI：1.14/10万~1.18/10万），累积死亡率（0~74岁）为0.12%。男性死亡率为2.31/10万（95%CI：2.27/10万~2.35/10万），中标死亡率为1.52/10万（95%CI：1.50/10万~1.54/10万）；女性死亡率为1.41/10万（95%CI：1.38/10万~1.44/10万），中标死亡率为0.81/10万（95%CI：0.79/10万~0.83/10万）。城市地区死亡率为2.49/10万（95%CI：2.45/10万~2.53/10万），中标死亡率为1.42/10万（95%CI：1.40/10万~1.44/10万）。农村地区恶性肿瘤死亡率为1.12/10万（95%CI：1.09/10万~1.15/10万），中标死亡率为0.78/10万（95%CI：0.76/10万~0.80/10万）。 结论： 我国肾癌发病死亡水平较低，但较以往有巨大上升，城市男性为重点防控对象。.
Keywords: Incidence; Mortality; Neoplasms, kidney.