Aims: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) expression has been reported in several hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic disorders but its expression in plasma cell neoplasms has been largely limited to immunodeficiency-related cases such as in the setting of post-organ transplantation or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of EBV with plasma cell neoplasms, mainly in immunocompetent patients.
Methods and results: We retrospectively studied 147 cases of patients with different plasma cell neoplasms (109 plasma cell myelomas, 22 plasmacytomas, and 16 monoclonal gammopathy cases). Six patients were immunocompromised. EBV was positive in 6 cases; 3 immunocompromised (2 patients with HIV infection and 1 patient was post-renal transplant) and 3 immunocompetent patients with plasmacytoma and variable plasmablastic features.
Conclusions: Our data shows that EBV was negative in all plasma cell myeloma cases in immunocompetent patients and has an overall low association with the different plasma cell neoplasms in the immunocompetent setting. When expressed, it is usually associated with variable plasmablastic features.