Antibiotic therapy has a dual impact: wanted, in which it immediately inhibits the growth of bacteria and the unwanted, which is responsible for the evolution of antibiotic resistance. The dissociation of therapeutic effectiveness from the possible risk of the antibiotic resistance may be attained by taking the advantage of specific relations between these drugs, and the methods in which mutations associated with resistance against a specific antibiotic may modify these relations or it may increase the sensitivity of the bacterium to the other antibiotics. Although the practical implementation of this notion needs considerable advancement and confirmation that depends upon the improvements in the field of genomics and diagnostics, these interventions propose new paradigms, which may confine or inverse the evolution of antibiotic resistance.
Keywords: antibiotic resistance; bacteria; evolution; inversion; mutations.