The present study reports two cases of concurrently diagnosed T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The literature review revealed that myeloid leukemia may appear secondary to Hodgkin lymphoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. However, simultaneous bi-lineage hematologic malignancies are rarely seen and the prognosis is worse than single lineage lymphoma or myeloid leukemia. There were no standard therapies. All simultaneous bi-lineage malignancies of myeloid leukemia and lymphoma reported in Pubmed were combined with the present two cases, to analyses its pathogenesis, features and treatment. It was concluded that the prognosis of bi-lineage hematologic malignancies was poor, however allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation could improve survival (P=0.033).
Keywords: allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; concurrent bi-lineage hematologic malignancies; lymphoma; myeloid leukemia; pathogenesis; prognosis.