A longitudinal analysis of pain experience and recall in fibromyalgia

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate pain experiences and memories in fibromyalgia (FM) patients over time.

Method: Participants included 572 females who were members of a large health maintenance organization who had a diagnosis of FM syndrome (FMS) and met inclusion criteria for the study. Recruitment was for an intervention study that tested the effects of social support and education treatment arms, but there were no treatment effects. Reports of experiential pain (EP), historical peak pain (HPP), and historical valley pain (HVP) for FM were collected. Differences between HPP and EP and EP and HVP (bias) were calculated to determine whether HPP and HVP were distributed evenly around EP over time across participants. Models were performed to assess personal history and psychosocial factors that affect EP, HPP, HVP, and bias.

Results: There was systematic tendency for HPP to be significantly larger than EP relative to EP vs HVP. EP and HPP decreased significantly over time, but not HVP. There were significant predictors of EP, HPP, HVP, and bias, including depression, self-efficacy, and sleep quality, among others.

Conclusion: The experiences and recollections of pain in FM appear to provide a unique means of understanding the maintenance of chronic pain-including factors that affect this process.

Keywords: bias; fibromyalgia; memory; pain; psychosocial; recall.