Diagnosis of genital herpes requires a combination of clinical presentation and laboratory studies. Laboratory diagnostics allow us to clearly establish the etiology (HSV-1 or HSV-2) in order to determine the course of infection and prognosis. Decisive factors in the selection of the appropriate test are: diagnostic goals, patient population, specimen type, and implementation of conditions for the specific method. In total, 187 samples collected during a routine gynecological examination from 120 women were examined for the presence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in the genital area. Two methods were used to test swabs: cell culture isolation and PCR. HSV-1 was the dominant type of virus in both study groups. The cytopathic effect was observed in 67 (35.8%) cultures with clinical material. HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA were detected by PCR in 73 (39.0%) cell cultures infected with clinical samples. We did not observe typical, virus related cytopathic changes in 13.7% DNA HSV positive cell cultures, but on the other hand we did not detect viral DNA in 6% of positive cell cultures. High values of the parameters, defining the usefulness of diagnostic tests (sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values) in both groups, are determined by previous viral replication in cell culture.