Abrogation of glucosidase I-mediated glycoprotein deglucosylation results in a sick phenotype in fission yeasts: Model for the human MOGS-CDG disorder

Abstract

Glucosidase I (GI) removes the outermost glucose from protein-linked Glc₃Man₉GlcNAc₂ (G3M9) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Individuals with congenital disorders of glycosylation MOGS-CDG bear mutations in the GI-encoding gene (gls1). Although GI absence has been reported to produce lethality in Schizosaccharomyces pombe yeasts, here we obtained two viable Δgls1 mutants, one with a very sick but not lethal phenotype (Δgls1-S) and the other with a healthier one (Δgls1-H). The sick strain displayed only G3M9 as an ER protein-linked oligosaccharide, whereas the healthier strain had both G3M9 and Man₉GlcNAc₂ The lipid-linked oligosaccharide patterns of the two strains revealed that the most abundantly formed glycans were G3M9 in Δgls1-S and Glc₂Man₉GlcNAc₂ in Δgls1-H, suggesting reduced Alg10p glucosyltransferase activity in the Δgls1-H strain. A mutation in the alg10⁺ gene was indeed observed in this strain. Our results indicated that abrogated G3M9 deglucosylation was responsible for the severe defects observed in Δgls1-S cells. Further studies disclosed that the defects could not be ascribed to disruption of glycoprotein entrance into calnexin-folding cycles, inhibition of the oligosaccharyltransferase by transfer reaction products, or reduced proteasomal degradation of misfolded glycoproteins. Lack of triglucosylated glycoprotein deglucosylation neither significantly prevented glycan elongation in the Golgi nor modified the overall cell wall monosaccharide composition. Nevertheless, it resulted in a distorted cell wall and in the absence of underlying ER membranes. Furthermore, Golgi expression of human endomannosidase partially restored normal growth in Δgls1-S cells. We propose that accumulation of G3M9-bearing glycoproteins is toxic and at least partially responsible for defects observed in MOGS-CDG.

Keywords: CDG-IIb; MOGS-CDG; N-linked glycosylation; Schizosaccharomyces pombe; congenital disorders of glycosylation; endoplasmic reticulum (ER); glucosidase I; glycan; glycoprotein; yeast.