Aims: To examine the associations between different workplace violence sources and health outcome in nurses.
Background: Workplace violence is a major threat to nurses' physical and mental health. Other workers in the health sector, patients and visitors can cause workplace violence. To effectively prevent workplace violence-related health problems, the differential impact of internal and external violence needs to be explored.
Designs: A cross-sectional survey of 1,690 fully employed female nurses.
Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was used to record the nurses' experiences of workplace violence, including types (physical, psychological, verbal and sexual) and sources (internal and external) of violence. Data on psychosocial work conditions including work shift, psychological job demands, job control and workplace justice, were also collected. The nurses' health condition was measured using the 5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale and Self-Rated Health Scale and multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the associations between workplace violence and health. The study was carried out in 2015-2016.
Results: Sixty percent of the internal workplace violence was psychological and verbal and adverse psychosocial work conditions were associated with workplace violence. After adjustment for demographic characteristics and psychosocial work conditions, internal workplace violence resulted in higher risks of poor self-rated health and mental health than did external workplace violence, particularly in nurses who had experienced psychological and verbal violence.
Conclusion: Internal workplace violence in the form of psychological and verbal violence had a stronger effect on nurses' health than did external workplace violence. Organization-level measures should be implemented to prevent internal violence.
目的: 研究不同工作场所暴力来源与护士健康状况之间的关系。 背景: 工作场所暴力是护士身心健康的主要威胁。卫生部门的其他工作人员、病人和来访者可能会引起医闹。为有效预防相关健康问题,需要探讨内部和外部暴力的不同影响。 设计: 详细调查1690名全职女性护士。 方法: 采用自我取证的问卷记录护士的工作场所暴力经历,包括暴力类型(身体暴力、心理暴力、语言暴力和性暴力)和来源(内部和外部)。同时还收集了有关心理社会工作条件的数据,包括轮班、心理工作需求、工作控制和工作场所是否符合公正公平的原则。护士的健康状况使用五项简短症状评定量表和自我评定健康量表进行测量,并使用多变量逻辑回归方法分析工作场所暴力与健康之间的关系。研究在2015-2016年进行。 结果: 60%的内部工作场所暴力为心理暴力和语言暴力,不利的心理社会工作条件与工作场所暴力相关。 在调整人口特征和心理社会工作条件后,内部工作场所暴力比外部工作场所暴力导致自我评价健康和心理健康不良的风险更高,尤其是对于经历过心理和语言暴力的护士。 结论: 以心理暴力和语言暴力为主要形式的内部工作场所暴力比外部环境暴力对护士健康的影响更大。应实施组织级措施来防止内部暴力。.
Keywords: bullying; nurse; occupational health; violence.
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.