Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology enable humans to interact with external devices by decoding their brain signals. Despite it has made some significant breakthroughs in recent years, there are still many obstacles in its applications and extensions. The current used BCI control signals are generally derived from the brain areas involved in primary sensory- or motor-related processing. However, these signals only reflect a limited range of limb movement intention. Therefore, additional sources of brain signals for controlling BCI systems need to be explored. Brain signals derived from the cognitive brain areas are more intuitive and effective. These signals can be used for expand the brain signal sources as a new approach. This paper reviewed the research status of cognitive BCI based on the single brain area and multiple hybrid brain areas, and summarized its applications in the rehabilitation medicine. It's believed that cognitive BCI technologies would become a possible breakthrough for future BCI rehabilitation applications.
脑−机接口（BCI）技术通过解码大脑信号可实现人类和外部设备的交互，近年来取得了一些重要的突破，但其应用推广目前还存在许多障碍。当前常见的 BCI 控制信号一般来源于与感觉运动相关的脑区，这些信号仅能反映肢体运动意图的有限部分。因此，需要探索更多可用于控制 BCI 系统的脑信号源。基于认知脑区的脑信号具有更加直观、有效的特点，可作为拓展脑 BCI 信号源的新途径。本文综述了基于单一脑区和多脑区混合的认知 BCI 的研究现状，并归纳了其在康复医学领域的应用研究，以期将基于认知的 BCI 技术作为未来 BCI 康复应用的突破口。.
Keywords: brain-computer interface; cognitive brain signals; multiple hybrid brain areas; rehabilitation medicine; single brain area.