[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes: eight case reports (1992-2017) and literature review]

Rev Esp Quimioter. 2018 Dec;31(6):532-536. Epub 2018 Oct 22.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Objective: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a frequent and severe entity in patients with cirrhosis or ascites due to other causes. However, Listeria monocytogenes is a microorganism that has been scarcely identified as a causative agent of SBP.

Methods: In this study, a descriptive analysis of cases of L. monocytogenes SBP was carried out in our center for 26 years (1992-2017).

Results: A total of eight patients were diagnosed, with an average age of 58 years, with no differences in sex distribution and all of them were community acquired cases. Half of the patients had underlying liver disease, two of them active malignancies; one was undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and the last one with hypertensive heart disease. Six (75%) of the patients received a third-generation cephalosporin as empirical treatment. The clinical course was favorable after receiving directed antibiotic treatment in five (62.5%) of the patients. However, three of them, under the age of 59, died. Serotyping of L. monocytogenes isolates revealed that half of them were serovar 4, two 1 / 2a and the remaining one 1 / 2c. All strains were susceptible to ampicillin, meropenem, erythromycin and cotrimoxazole.

Conclusions: We conclude by emphasizing the importance of taking this etiology into account in patients with underlying liver disease and with clinical or laboratory data suggesting SBP, mainly due to the need for specific antibiotic treatment different from conventionally empirically used.

Introducción: La peritonitis bacteriana espontánea (PBE) es una entidad frecuente y grave en pacientes cirróticos o con ascitis por otras causas. Sin embargo, Listeria monocytogenes es un microorganismo que excepcionalmente se ha identificado como agente causal de PBE.

Métodos: En este estudio se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los casos de PBE por L. monocytogenes en nuestro centro durante 26 años (1992-2017).

Resultados: Se diagnosticaron un total de 8 casos, con una edad media de 58 años, sin diferencia en la distribución de sexos y todos ellos de adquisición comunitaria. La mitad de los casos eran pacientes con hepatopatía de base, dos con neoplasia activa, uno en programa de diálisis peritoneal y otro presentaba cardiopatía hipertensiva. Seis de los pacientes (75%) recibieron una cefalosporina de tercera generación como tratamiento empírico. La evolución clínica fue favorable después de recibir tratamiento dirigido en 5 de los pacientes (62,5%). Sin embargo, tres de ellos, menores de 59 años, fallecieron. El serotipado realizado a las cepas de L. monocytogenes reveló que la mitad era serovariedad 4, dos cepas 1/2a y una 1/2c. El total de las cepas fue sensible a ampicilina, meropenem, eritromicina y cotrimoxazol.

Conclusiones: Destacamos la importancia de tener en cuenta esta etiología en pacientes con hepatopatías y con datos clínicos o de laboratorio sugestivos de PBE, principalmente por la necesidad de tratamiento específico distinto al utilizado convencionalmente de forma empírica.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Cephalosporins / therapeutic use
  • Community-Acquired Infections / microbiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Listeria monocytogenes*
  • Listeriosis / drug therapy
  • Listeriosis / microbiology*
  • Liver Diseases / drug therapy
  • Liver Diseases / microbiology
  • Male
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Middle Aged
  • Peritonitis / drug therapy
  • Peritonitis / microbiology*

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Cephalosporins