Aim: In Japan, standard prehospital care is provided by emergency medical services teams. Doctor-staffed ambulances play a role in facilitating the immediate treatment of critically ill patients to increase the survival rates. However, little is known about their activities. We revealed the present situation of doctor-staffed ambulances in Japan.
Methods: First, we surveyed all the fire departments in Japan and determined whether a doctor-staffed ambulance was present within their district boundary. Second, we surveyed hospitals that operate doctor-staffed ambulances in their system to list their activities during a 1-week period.
Results: Of 133 hospitals that operated a doctor-staffed ambulance, 73 (55%) replied to our questionnaire. Only 26 (36%) of them provided 24-h ambulance deployment. Additionally, 51 (70%) of hospitals bore the operational costs of ambulances. Within 1 week, 345 doctor-staffed ambulances were dispatched, but 97 (28%) were cancelled. In total, 62 patients (28%) were diagnosed with cardiac arrest, 48 (19%) with trauma or burns, 36 (15%) with stroke, and 22 (9%) with acute coronary syndrome; 159 (58%) were transferred to a tertiary emergency medical center.
Conclusions: Doctor-staffed ambulances have the advantage of deployment at night and in urban areas compared to doctor-staffed helicopters. Among the 73 hospitals that responded to the questionnaire, doctor-staffed ambulances were dispatched almost as frequently as doctor-staffed helicopters. However, doctor-staffed ambulances did not receive adequate funding. Future data collection is necessary to determine the efficacy of doctor-staffed ambulances among hospitals that operate this service.
Keywords: Doctor‐staffed ambulance; Japan; emergency life‐saving technician; prehospital care; survey.