Exercise alters and β-alanine combined with exercise augments histidyl dipeptide levels and scavenges lipid peroxidation products in human skeletal muscle

David Hoetker; Weiliang Chung; Deqing Zhang; Jingjing Zhao; Virginia K Schmidtke; Daniel W Riggs; Wim Derave; Aruni Bhatnagar; David Bishop; Shahid P Baba

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00007.2018

Exercise alters and β-alanine combined with exercise augments histidyl dipeptide levels and scavenges lipid peroxidation products in human skeletal muscle

J Appl Physiol (1985). 2018 Dec 1;125(6):1767-1778. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00007.2018. Epub 2018 Oct 18.

Authors

David Hoetker^{1

2}, Weiliang Chung^{3

4}, Deqing Zhang^{1

2}, Jingjing Zhao^{1

2}, Virginia K Schmidtke^{1

2}, Daniel W Riggs^{1

2}, Wim Derave³, Aruni Bhatnagar^{1

2}, David Bishop^{4

5}, Shahid P Baba^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
² Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
³ Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
⁴ Institute of Health and Sport, Exercise and Active Living, College of Sports and Exercise Sciences, Victoria University, Australia.
⁵ School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondahp, Australia.

Abstract

Carnosine and anserine are dipeptides synthesized from histidine and β-alanine by carnosine synthase (ATPGD1). These dipeptides, present in high concentration in the skeletal muscle, form conjugates with lipid peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxy trans-2-nonenal (HNE). Although skeletal muscle levels of these dipeptides could be elevated by feeding β-alanine, it is unclear how these dipeptides and their conjugates are affected by exercise training with or without β-alanine supplementation. We recruited 20 physically active men, who were allocated to either β-alanine or placebo-feeding group matched for peak oxygen consumption, lactate threshold, and maximal power. Participants completed 2 wk of a conditioning phase followed by 1 wk of exercise training, a single session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), followed by 6 wk of HIIT. Analysis of muscle biopsies showed that the levels of carnosine and ATPGD1 expression were increased after CPET and decreased following a single session and 6 wk of HIIT. Expression of ATPGD1 and levels of carnosine were increased upon β-alanine-feeding after CPET, whereas ATPGD1 expression decreased following a single session of HIIT. The expression of fiber type markers myosin heavy chain I and IIa remained unchanged after CPET. Levels of carnosine, anserine, carnosine-HNE, carnosine-propanal, and carnosine-propanol were further increased after 9 wk of β-alanine supplementation and exercise training but remained unchanged in the placebo-fed group. These results suggest that carnosine levels and ATPGD1 expression fluctuates with different phases of training. Enhancing carnosine levels by β-alanine feeding could facilitate the detoxification of lipid peroxidation products in the human skeletal muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Carnosine synthase expression and carnosine levels are altered in the human skeletal muscle during different phases of training. During high-intensity interval training, β-alanine feeding promotes detoxification of lipid peroxidation products and increases anserine levels in the skeletal muscle.

Keywords: 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal; acrolein; carnosine; exercise.

Abstract

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