Background: Melanomas are rare in cats. The eye is the most commonly involved site, whereas few data are available about feline non-ocular melanomas (NOMs). Ki-67 thresholds with prognostic relevance have been established for canine melanomas, but not in cats. This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between Ki-67 index, tumour characteristics, and clinical outcome in feline NOMs. Histologic samples were retrospectively reviewed. Amelanotic tumours were admitted upon immunohistochemical positivity for Melan A or S100. Evaluated parameters included morphological diagnosis, histotype, junctional activity, degree of pigmentation, vascular invasion, lymphocytic infiltrate, necrosis, mitotic count (MC) and Ki-67 index. Pigmented tumours were bleached before evaluation. Clinical and follow-up information were retrieved via telephone interviews with the referring veterinarians.
Results: Fifty tumours located in skin (n = 33) and mucosae (n = 17) were included. Forty-eight percent and 95% of amelanotic tumours (n = 21) stained positive for Melan A and S100, respectively. Most achromic tumours were mucosal (P < 0.001, Fisher's exact test) and presented a spindle cell morphology (P = 0.002; Fisher's exact test). MC and Ki-67 index were significantly correlated (P < 0.001; R = 0.67; Spearman's rank correlation); median values were 15 (range, 0-153) and 28% (range, 1-78%), respectively. Both were significantly higher in spindle cell melanomas, in tumours lacking junctional activity and in poorly-pigmented tumours. Follow-up information was available for 33 cats (66%). Variables related with a poor clinical outcome included mucosal location, tumour size, spindle, balloon and signet ring cell histotypes, low pigmentation, MC > 5, Ki-67 > 20% and lack of treatment administration. On multivariable analysis, only tumour histotype and treatment retained prognostic significance.
Conclusions: Although the majority of feline NOMs behave aggressively, Ki-67 index, together with other parameters, may contribute to prognostic assessment. Prospective studies on homogeneous populations are warranted to identify reliable threshold values for this marker.
Keywords: Feline; Ki-67 index; Melanoma; Mitotic count; Prognosis; Proliferative activity.