Since reimbursements for transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI) for severe aortic valve stenosis began in 2013, TAVI has spread rapidly in Japan. TAVI is currently performed in nearly 100,000 cases a year worldwide, and more than 4,000 procedures performed annually in Japan. The TAVI valves available in Japan are Edwards' "SAPIEN" and the Medtronic "Evolut R". The "SAPIEN" is a balloon-expanding valve and can be placed via a transfemoral or transapical approach. In contrast, the "Evolut R" is a self-expanding valve and can be placed via the transfemoral, transsubclavian or direct aortic approach. The surgical indications for TAVI are high-risk patients in whom surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) cannot be performed by conventional thoracotomy, and dialysis patients are excluded. With the evolution of the associated devices, the performance of TAVI has become comparable to that of SAVR. The outcomes of TAVI in Japan are particularly good compared with the results of the world. Globally, TAVI treatment is being adopted in intermediate- to low-risk patients as well as in high-risk patients. TAVI treatment is expected to continue to spread in the future.