Development and evaluation of semi-destructive, ultrasound assisted extraction method followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry enabling discrimination of red lipstick samples

Abstract

In this study, the effective and robust semi-destructive ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) method followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method used for analysis of red lipsticks samples was developed, optimized and evaluated. 43 red lipsticks of a very similar hue representing of 21 different manufacturers were investigated. The red lipsticks (approximately 0.05 mg) were applied on a disc (of ø 2 mm) placed on specially designed stand printed with a 3D printer. In order to optimize the main factors affecting extraction process, Doehlert experimental design with response surface methodology was applied. The optimal for all analysed lipsticks UAE extraction conditions were: 21 min - time, 35 °C - temperature of the ultrasonic bath, and the 100 μL of extraction mixture of acetonitrile, methanol and acetone (50:30:20, v/v/v). The developed, qualitative UAE/GC-MS method was evaluated and then successfully used for the differentiation of 43 red lipsticks. In this case, the two approaches were utilized: the visual inspection of chromatograms and the likelihood ratio model. The results confirmed that the proposed method has a great potential in lipsticks differentiation and after adaptation to real samples it seems to be a good alternative to the methods routinely used in forensic science investigations.

Keywords: Doehlert experimental design; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; Likelihood ratio approach; Red lipsticks; Ultrasound assisted extraction.