Evidence has also shown that micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) plays an important role in many cellular processes. However, it is unclear how ionizing radiation causes the miRNA and circular ribonucleic acid (circRNA) expression levels to change and how this change relates to esophageal injury. We analyzed RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) data from normal esophageal tissue and irradiated esophageal tissues and used computational approaches to identify and characterize differentially expressed miRNAs and circRNAs. We detected 27 miRNAs and 197 circRNAs that had significantly different expression levels after ionizing radiation treatment compared with normal control.Among the 27 miRNAs, 7 miRNAs were down-regulated, and the other 20 were up-regulated. Their target genes were found to be involved in responses to wound, lipid biosynthesis, cell proliferation, cell migration, chemokine activity, hairpin binding, and the cell membrane system. We also found 197 differentially expressed circRNAs in total, of which 87 were up-regulated and 110 were down-regulated. Notably, we found that differentially expressed circRNAs were enriched in cell differentiation, epithelial cell migration, striatum development, protein binding, extracellular exosome, and focal adhesion functions. Of the related processes, sphingolipid metabolism was notable. Many of the differentially expressed circRNAs were involved in sphingolipid metabolism pathways. Cells responded to ionizing radiation (IR) using multiple pathways, which led to sphingolipid metabolism and other immune responses, ultimately leading to esophageal injury.IR-induced esophageal injury is worth studying, especially the dynamic network of circRNA and miRNA. By knowing the regulatory details of related pathways, radiation-related esophageal injury can be prevented, and the efficiency of radiation therapy can be enhanced.