Computational Design of Synthetic Enzymes

Chem Rev. 2019 Jun 12;119(11):6613-6630. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00399. Epub 2018 Oct 2.

Abstract

We review the standard model for de novo computational design of enzymes, which primarily focuses on the development of an active-site geometry, composed of protein functional groups in orientations optimized to stabilize the transition state, for a novel chemical reaction not found in nature. Its emphasis is placed on the structure and energetics of the active site embedded in an accommodating protein that serves as a physical support that shields the reaction chemistry from solvent, which is typically improved upon by laboratory-directed evolution. We also provide a review of design strategies that move beyond the standard model, by placing more emphasis on the designed enzyme as a whole catalytic construct. Starting with complete de novo enzyme design examples, we consider additional design factors such as entropy of individual residues, correlated motion between side chains (mutual information), dynamical correlations of the enzyme motions that could aid the reaction, reorganization energy, and electric fields as ways to exploit the entire protein scaffold to improve upon the catalytic rate, thereby providing directed evolution with better starting sequences for increasing biocatalytic performance.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biocatalysis
  • Catalytic Domain
  • Computational Chemistry / methods*
  • Directed Molecular Evolution / methods
  • Enzymes / chemistry*
  • Enzymes / genetics
  • Enzymes / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Models, Molecular
  • Protein Engineering / methods
  • Thermodynamics

Substances

  • Enzymes