This descriptive, cross-sectional study illustrates the high prevalence of intellectual impairment among students at the Kanisius Prontakan primary school near Mt. Merapi, one of the most active volcanic mountains in Indonesia. To determine the possible cause of these abnormal cognitive impairments, we considered and investigated the threats to society and the environment of the frequent volcanic eruptions, as well as the effects of malnutrition due to extreme poverty, in that area. The results showed that intellectual impairment and stunting were remarkably common among the students, with 10.7% of the students showing sigma of intellectual impairment and 96.4% showing signs of stunting. No noticeable chemical problems due to the volcanic activity were found in the drinking water, and no causes of such disorders other than poor nutrition due to poverty were found. Nevertheless, our results provide information on the high prevalence of health problems being experienced by children living in one of the most isolated and underdeveloped volcano mountain areas in Indonesia and draws attention to the severe effects of malnutrition on the development of those children.
Keywords: Impaired cognition; Intellectual disabilities; Malnutrition; Stunting.