Background, areas of uncertainty: Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is one of the most common complications of the hemodialysis procedure. Although there are no clear-cut answers as to the best strategy on the management of IDH, data suggest that the administration of osmotically active drugs may decrease the occurrence of blood pressure decline during dialysis. The use of mannitol for IDH management in hemodialysis patients is scarce. This article highlights the use and benefits of mannitol and to assess the role of mannitol role in the management of IDH.
Data sources: Primary literature identified through MEDLINE/PubMed database and Google Scholar with no restrictions. Relevant and current literatures related to mannitol and IDH were used.
Results and data synthesis: Multiple studies have shown the benefits of mannitol for the management of IDH. Because of its oncotic effect, mannitol increases plasma osmolality to maintain adequate blood pressure and prevent the occurrence of IDH. Two observational studies and several reports were identified as being the most recent and applicable to clinical practice. Studies and data on the use of mannitol in IDH are scarce or outdated. The 2 studies used in this article conclude that mannitol carries benefits for both the adult and pediatric population. However, additional research in the future will be needed to confirm the evidence for various age groups. These 2 observational trials were also very small in number, and any future studies conducted should have a longer duration and larger population size. Although lacking data, these studies will suffice in introducing the benefits of mannitol in IDH.
Conclusions: Mannitol may be considered for the management of IDH; however, additional studies are required to evaluate the long-term risk and benefits associated with mannitol, as it carries a risk of accumulation in the body.