[False beliefs about vaccines]

Aten Primaria. 2019 Jan;51(1):40-46. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2018.05.004. Epub 2018 Sep 24.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Vaccines are an essential tool for the prevention of infectious diseases. However, false ideas and rumours with no scientific foundation about their possible negative effects may dissuade people from being vaccinated, with the consequent risks for the health of the population. The objective of this article is to evaluate the origin and the arguments of some of the most frequent mistaken ideas and rumours about the possible adverse effects of vaccines. Some clearly established adverse effects are presented, as well as false beliefs about various vaccines and potential harm to health. Vaccines, like any drug, can cause adverse effects, but the possible adverse effects of vaccination programs are clearly lower than their individual (vaccinated) and collective benefits (those vaccinated and those who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons). The possible adverse effects attributable to vaccines should be detected by powerful and well-structured pharmacovigilance systems.

Las vacunas constituyen un instrumento esencial para la prevención de enfermedades infecciosas. Sin embargo, las falsas ideas y rumores sin fundamento científico sobre eventuales efectos negativos pueden disuadir de la vacunación, con los consiguientes riesgos para la protección de la población. El objetivo del artículo es evaluar el origen y los argumentos de algunos de los errores y rumores más frecuentes sobre eventuales efectos adversos de las vacunaciones. Se presentan algunos efectos adversos claramente establecidos, así como falsas creencias sobre diversas vacunas y potenciales daños para la salud. Las vacunas, como cualquier fármaco, pueden ocasionar efectos adversos, pero los eventuales efectos adversos de los programas de vacunación son claramente inferiores a sus beneficios individuales (a los vacunados) y colectivos (a los vacunados y a los que no pueden vacunarse por razones médicas). Cualquier efecto indeseable atribuible a las vacunas ha de poderse detectar mediante sistemas de farmacovigilancia potentes y bien estructurados.

Keywords: Adverse effects; Beliefs; Creencias; Efectos adversos; Programas de vacunación; Vaccination programmes; Vaccines; Vacunas.

MeSH terms

  • Adaptive Immunity
  • Asthma / etiology
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder / etiology
  • Autoimmune Diseases / etiology
  • Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine / adverse effects
  • Formaldehyde / adverse effects
  • Gastroenteritis / prevention & control
  • Gastroenteritis / virology
  • Guillain-Barre Syndrome / etiology
  • Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice*
  • Humans
  • Hypersensitivity / etiology
  • Immunization / adverse effects
  • Immunization / psychology*
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Influenza Vaccines / adverse effects
  • Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine / adverse effects
  • Narcolepsy / etiology
  • Neoplasms / etiology
  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / adverse effects
  • Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / adverse effects
  • Rotavirus Infections / prevention & control
  • Rotavirus Vaccines / adverse effects
  • Thimerosal / adverse effects
  • Vaccines / adverse effects*
  • Zinc / adverse effects

Substances

  • Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine
  • Influenza Vaccines
  • Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
  • Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated
  • Preservatives, Pharmaceutical
  • Rotavirus Vaccines
  • Vaccines
  • pandemrix
  • Formaldehyde
  • Thimerosal
  • Zinc