Influence of lauric acid on the susceptibility of chickens to an experimental Campylobacter jejuni colonisation

PLoS One. 2018 Sep 27;13(9):e0204483. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204483. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Among the organic acids, lauric acid has shown a high level of in vitro activity against Campylobacter jejuni. The prevalence and intensity of C. jejuni excretion at slaughter often becomes lower with increasing age. In higher-aged broilers on organic farms which often use other breeds, in turn, the prevalence of C. jejuni is sometimes higher at slaughter. The question then arises as to whether a diet with higher lauric acid concentrations, the age alone or the genetic breed might have an effect in the spread and intensity of an experimental C. jejuni infection in vivo. Therefore, two complete diets with or without 2% lauric acid from palm kernel fatty acids were offered to 450 chickens (ten subgroups à 15 birds, repetitions: n = 3) of two broiler and two layer breeds (Ross 308, Hubbard JA 757, Lohmann Dual and Lohmann Brown-Classic). All breeds were reared for 42 days, Lohmann Brown-Classic also for about 98 days. Twenty-one days before dissection, three seeder birds per subgroup were orally infected with a 1 mL inoculum of C. jejuni (4.46±0.35 log10 CFU/mL). Qualitative detection of C. jejuni in cloacal swabs was performed at days 2, 4, 7, 14 after inoculation and at dissection in all birds. Quantitative detection was performed on excreta samples of seeder birds at days 2, 11 and 17 after experimental challenge and on caecal samples of all birds at dissection. Two days after experimental inoculation, C. jejuni prevalence was higher in control birds without lauric acid supplementation (48.9% vs. 39.6%; P = 0.0462). Depending on age, two days after inoculation the C. jejuni prevalence in young Lohmann Brown-Classic chickens was significantly lower (37.8% vs. 61.1%) whereas at dissection it was higher (99% vs. 67%). At day 2 after inoculation C. jejuni counts in the excreta of young Lohmann Brown-Classic were lower in comparison to those in old ones (log10 CFU/g: 3.30±2.68 vs. 5.24±1.56). Eleven (log10 CFU/g: 5.14±1.13 vs. 4.16±0.82) and 17 days after inoculatioin (log10 CFU/g: 3.77±2.02 vs. 1.72±1.87) it was the reverse situation. At dissection, the carriage of C. jejuni in caecal content was higher in younger than in older birds (log10 CFU/g: 8.57±0.46 vs. 6.66±1.43). An effect of genetic breed on C. jejuni prevalence was seen at dissection, this being lowest in Lohmann Dual chickens (91% vs. 98.9% in other breeds). At d 17 after challenge, C. jejuni counts in the excreta of young Lohmann Brown-Classic were lower in comparison to Ross 308 and Hubbard JA 757 (log10 CFU/g: 3.77±2.02 vs. 5.21±0.85 and 5.62±0.90). Lohmann Dual chickens showed an intermediary excretion, this being only significant lower compared to Hubbard JA 757 (log10 CFU/g: 4.31±0.89). In summary, the effect of lauric acid is limited to the initial phase after experimental inoculation. A higher age at infection seems to lead to a more rapid limitation of the infection. The excretion of C. jejuni appears to decrease more rapidly in layer breeds than in broiler lines after experimental inoculation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Age Factors
  • Animal Feed / analysis
  • Animals
  • Bacterial Load
  • Campylobacter Infections / etiology
  • Campylobacter Infections / microbiology
  • Campylobacter Infections / veterinary*
  • Campylobacter jejuni*
  • Chickens*
  • Diet
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Disease Susceptibility
  • Lauric Acids / administration & dosage*
  • Male
  • Poultry Diseases / etiology*
  • Poultry Diseases / microbiology
  • Poultry Diseases / prevention & control
  • Species Specificity

Substances

  • Lauric Acids
  • lauric acid

Grants and funding

C.F. Visscher, J. Popp, D. Meemken got the grant representative for the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. The Ahrberg-Foundation provided support in the form of salaries for authors [J.H.; K.Z.], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This publication was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation within the funding programme Open Access Publishing. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. V.T. is an employee of the BEST 3 Gefluegelernaehrung GmbH, Germany. The BEST 3 Gefluegelernaehrung GmbH provided support in the form of salaries for authors [V.T.], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the 'author contributions' section.For the investigations the resources at the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation were used. Reagents, materials and other analysis tools were funded by the Ahrberg-Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.