A spread spectrum approach to time-domain near-infrared diffuse optical imaging using inexpensive optical transceiver modules

Konstantinos I Papadimitriou; Laura A Dempsey; Jeremy C Hebden; Simon R Arridge; Samuel Powell

doi:10.1364/BOE.9.002648

A spread spectrum approach to time-domain near-infrared diffuse optical imaging using inexpensive optical transceiver modules

Biomed Opt Express. 2018 May 10;9(6):2648-2663. doi: 10.1364/BOE.9.002648. eCollection 2018 Jun 1.

Authors

Konstantinos I Papadimitriou¹, Laura A Dempsey², Jeremy C Hebden², Simon R Arridge¹, Samuel Powell²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Computer Science, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
² Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.

Abstract

We introduce a compact time-domain system for near-infrared spectroscopy using a spread spectrum technique. The proof-of-concept single channel instrument utilises a low-cost commercially available optical transceiver module as a light source, controlled by a Kintex 7 field programmable gate array (FPGA). The FPGA modulates the optical transceiver with maximum-length sequences at line rates up to 10Gb/s, allowing us to achieve an instrument response function with full width at half maximum under 600ps. The instrument is characterised through a set of detailed phantom measurements as well as proof-of-concept in vivo measurements, demonstrating performance comparable with conventional pulsed time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy systems.

Keywords: (170.0110) Imaging systems; (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging; (170.4580) Optical diagnostics for medicine; (170.6920) Time-resolved imaging; (250.3140) Integrated optoelectronic circuits.